Krystal Nanan Contributor Bio

Articles by Krystal Nanan

Futureproofing New and Existing Pipelines

Planning for new builds is important, but future proofing existing pipelines must not be neglected. Here's why:
6 Ways to Measure Fluid Viscosity

Viscosity is an essential physical property. But it's important to understand the different types of viscosity and how to measure them. Learn more here:
5 Ways to Avoid Galvanic Corrosion

Preventing galvanic corrosion involves applying countermeasures early in the design phase. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this electrochemical reacti
Hot-dip vs Cold Galvanizing: What’s the Difference?

There are two main methods for galvanizing steel: hot-dip galvanizing and cold galvanizing. This article looks at these two galvanizing methods and discusses h
5 Ways to Measure the Hardness of Materials

Knowing the hardness of materials is extremely useful as it assists in the selection of appropriate materials for specific applications. Prior knowledge of the
Introduction to the Chemistry of Pipes in Seawater

The chemical reactions responsible for the corrosion of pipes in seawater environments are predominantly electrochemical in nature, so salinity...
7 Things to Know and Understand About Steel Corrosion

Steel is popular, durable and versatile. Here are 7 things to understand about the corrosion resistance of steel.
Stick Welding: A Comprehensive Guide to a Very Popular Welding Process

Stick welding, also known as shielded metal arc welding, manual metal arc welding or flux shielded arc welding, is an electric arc welding process.
5 Most Common Types of Metal Coatings that Everyone Should Know About

The 5 most common types of metal coatings that can effectively prolong the service life of many metal assets by preventing corrosion...
Understanding the Relationship Between Stress and Corrosion

Stresses (residual stress or applied stress) acting on a material can play a major role in a unique type of corrosion known as stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
Aluminum Corrosion: 5 Incredible Facts You Must Know

Strong, reliable, ductile, lightweight and naturally corrosion resistant – aluminum is an ideal construction material. However, it deteriorates rapidly under certain conditions.
How and Why a Material Fractures

Fracture is simply the separation of a material into several pieces due to an applied stress. The type of fracture (ductile or brittle) that a material will undergo depends mainly on its ability to deform before it cracks.
Integrity Management: How Ultrasonic Inline Inspection (ILI) Technology Enhances Safety

Conventional pressure testing poses many risks to the pipeline, the environment and nearby workers. Ultrasonic inline inspection (ILI), on the other hand, is nondestructive, allowing pipe integrity to be assessed safely and economically.
Quality Assurance in the Coatings Industry: A Job Description

Quality assurance specialists are usually employed or subcontracted by an asset owner. In the paint and coatings industry, they verify that the work performed by the quality control team meets the documented minimum job specifications.
The Basics of Cathodic Protection

The purpose of cathodic protection (CP) is to reduce the potential difference between anodes and cathodes to a small value. Here's how it works to prevent corrosion.
Metallizing 101

Metallizing is a general term used to describe the process of applying a metallic coating on the surface of an object. It involves several processes that cause the coating metal to form a mechanical bond with the substrate.
Quality Control: Protect Your Pipelines with Active Corrosion Protection

Quality Control: Protect Your Pipelines With Active Corrosion Protection, Passive Corrosion Protection, Sacrificial Anodes, and Corrosion Inhibitors to...
4 Ways to Reduce Stress Concentration in Machine Parts

Stress concentration reduction in machine parts usually involves providing a smooth path for stress to flow through the component. This can be achieved by several methods, including reducing sharp corners and providing relief notches.
A Look at Digital Radiography for Corrosion Inspection

A look at digital radiography for corrosion inspection of pipelines, including how it works, where it's used and the advantages compared to...
Calculating Tensile Stress: Why It Needs to Be Done Now

Calculating and measuring tensile stresses are vital in predicting the behavior of various types of materials. Designers and engineers frequently use tensile parameters to select materials that meet specific the strength and performance parameters.
Ice Pigging: The Benefits to Using This Icy Pipe Cleaning Method

Benefits of ice pigging include reduced water use, shorter disruptions, less downtime, lower probability of pipe damage, and minimal environmental impact compared to conventional pigs and other pipeline cleaning methods.
Understanding the 3 Types of Tensile Strength

Understanding the 3 types of tensile strengths help determine how components will perform when...
Ultrasonic Crack Inspection: How to Avoid Pipeline Failures

Ultrasonic technology uses sound waves to detect cracks and other pipeline defects. The early identification of these cracks is essential to preventing leaks, which can lead to product loss and in the oil and gas industry, and potential explosions.
The Dangers of Pipeline Flange Corrosion and What to Do About It

The Dangers of Pipeline Flange Corrosion and What to Do About It on...
QUIZ: 11 Questions to Test Your Underwater Inspection Knowledge

In this quiz, we will test your knowledge of underwater inspections...
IoT for Corrosion Monitoring in the Oil and Gas Industry

IoT uses electronic sensors connected directly to assets to gather and report critical information to remote locations. This permits continuous, real-time and accurate monitoring of pipelines, vessels and tank farms.
The Relationship Between Corrosion Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking

The relationship between corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The main connection between corrosion and cracking is...
What New Studies Say About Corrosion Control’s Future

New materials science research can ultimately lead to the development of better corrosion analyses, protection methods, and corrosion-resistant alloys and self-healing metal oxide coatings.
Top 5 Corrosion Threats Caused by Neglect

The top 5 corrosion threats caused by neglect, including improper construction methods, lack of maintenance and...
Quiz: Anti-Graffiti Coatings and Corrosion

In this quiz, we will test your knowledge of anti-graffiti coatings, graffiti cleaning methods and corrosion prevention mechanisms.
Beginners Guide to Becoming an Offshore Coating Inspector

Beginners Guide to Becoming an Offshore Coating Inspector on...
How a Liquid-Infused Porous Surface Coating on Steel Can Resist Biofouling

How Liquid-Infused Porous Surface Coating on Steel Can Resist Biofouling...
4 Types of Concrete Floor Coatings (And What You Should Know About Each)

4 Types of Concrete Floor Coatings (And What You Should Know About Each). Key types of floor coatings and applications, best uses, drawbacks, when they should be used, advantages and disadvantages of each type.
Waterborne Coatings: When Regulations Meet Technology

The minimal use or lack of solvents makes waterborne coatings a viable way to meet or exceed stringent environmental and personal health and safety standards.
Key Differences Between Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

Ferrous metals contain iron while non-ferrous metals do not. This minor difference, however, gives each type of metal distinct characteristics (magnetism, oxidation, tensile strength) that lend them to different applications.
QUIZ: Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) and How to Prevent It

Having an understanding of corrosion under insulation (CUI) is vital for anyone in the corrosion industry. Test your knowledge of CUI with this quiz!
INFOGRAPHIC: The Flixborough Disaster

In 1974, a chemical plant in Flixborough, England exploded, resulting in multiple deaths and millions of dollars in damages. This disaster could have been prevented, if more qualified persons, with corrosion failure experience, had been present.
An Introduction to Graphene Coatings

Graphene’s multifunctional properties, including increased durability, chemical resistance and corrosion resistance make it an ideal additive for coatings in aggressive and demanding industrial applications.
Quiz: Cathodic Protection as a Corrosion Prevention Method

Quiz: Cathodic Protection as a Corrosion Prevention Method on...
Corrosion Prevention in Aboveground and Underground Tanks

Corrosion prevention in aboveground and underground storage tanks can have devastating...
Preventing Corrosion with Thermal Insulating Coatings

Preventing Corrosion with Thermal Insulating Coatings on...
How to Select the Best VCI for Your Application

Volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) are used to provide corrosion protection to metal components in enclosed areas during long-term storage or shipping. They work by emitting gaseous corrosion-inhibiting chemicals.
How to Get Started in a Career as a Materials Scientist

Students interested in pursuing a career in this field must possess a natural aptitude for science and mathematics. Additionally, qualities such as analytical skills, problem-solving skills and interpersonal skills are necessary for success.
Understanding Pitting Corrosion to Prevent Catastrophic Failures

Pitting is widely known as one of the most dangerous types of corrosion. In contrast to the more common uniform corrosion, pitting is highly...
Top 4 Tips for Entry-level Corrosion Engineers

The Top 4 Tips for Entry-level Corrosion Engineers are…
Corrosion Resistance in Reinforced Concrete Structures

Corrosion resistance in reinforced concrete can be achieved by several methods including…
How to Use the Unidirectional Flushing Method

Tuberculation is a common problem associated with aging metal iron pipes. In an attempt to improve operational efficiency and overall water quality standards, municipalities are using unidirectional flushing (UDF) to clean their distribution systems.
Increased Rates of Copper Corrosion in the Zone of Aeration Explained

Increased Rates of Copper Corrosion in the Zone of Aeration ExplainedKeywords:Rate of CorrosionZone of AerationCopper corrosionSoil...
Your Complete Guide to Waterproofing with Bituminous Paint

Bituminous coatings are effective at waterproofing and protecting substrates from corrosion. Here's everything you need to know to start leveraging them:
3 Truths About Titanium Dioxide Corrosion Prevention

3 Truths About Titanium Dioxide Corrosion Prevention on...
How Insulating Coatings Are Winning Against Corrosion Under Insulation

New insulating coatings are gaining popularity due to their ability to reduce product vapor loss and volatile organic compounds, while eliminating CUI.
How Galvanic Corrosion Can Be Used for Good

There are instances where galvanic corrosion can be used to benefit specific applications. This article describes the situations where this corrosive process is advantageous.
A Look at Self-Healing Metal Oxides as a Corrosion Prevention Method

A Look at Self-Healing Metal Oxides as a Corrosion Prevention Method. Efficient at protecting metal surfaces due to their ability to flow and elongate.
How New Oil & Gas Methods are Influencing Pipeline Corrosion

Advanced oil and gas extraction techniques are used to help increase the efficiency of extraction and transportation. These techniques have placed extra burdens on existing wells, pipelines and their associated components.
5 Things to Know and Understand About Titanium Corrosion

5 Things to Know and Understand About Titanium CorrosionIntroductionBrief introduction to titanium as a metallic elementBrief introduction to titanium as a construction materialIndustrial uses of titaniumThe 5 Things to Know...
The 8 Most Common Forms of Metal Corrosion

All corrosion is not equal. The type of corrosion is dependent mainly on the surrounding environment and the composition of the exposed metal. A understanding of the mechanisms behind the kind of corrosion under consideration is the key to prevention.
Pitting Corrosion in Oil and Gas Wells and Pipelines

The hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide gases responsible for pitting are most commonly encountered in the oil and gas sector. For this reason it is essential that the principles of oil and gas corrosion be understood to take effective countermeasures.
How Hot Shortness and Welding Affect Corrosion in Metals

Welding is the process of joining two or more materials (mostly metals) using intense heat. Improper welding techniques can result in defects that...
Top 5 Applications for Ceramic Coatings

Top 5 Applications for Ceramic Coatings. Paint and coating applications have evolved by leaps and bounds over...
What’s the Inside Scoop on Crevice Corrosion?

What’s the Inside Scoop on Crevice Corrosion?IntroductionA brief introduction to the formation of corrosion in crevices.Provide real situations where this can occur.What Is Crevice Corrosion?An introduction to crevice...
Why Understanding the Stress Concentration Factor (Kt) is Important When Evaluating Corrosion in Metal Structures

The stress concentration factor (Kt) gives a clear indication of the amount of overstress at a specified location, which is used by engineers to determine the maximum expected stresses and make informed decisions.
How Quenching Improves the Performance of Metals

How Quenching Improves the Performance of Metals. A look at the history of quenching as a means to improve metal performance.
If Copper is a Noble Metal then Why Are My Pipes Corroding?

If Copper is a Noble Metal then Why Are My Pipes Corroding?
5 Key Factors Present in Corrosive Soils

The five key factors present in corrosive soils are aeration, moisture content, dissolved salt content, soil acidity (pH) and temperature.
Why Do Two Dissimilar Metals Cause Corrosion?

Contact between dissimilar metals can be detrimental and result in bimetallic corrosion (also known as galvanic corrosion).
Understanding and Preventing Fretting Corrosion Damage in Electrical Devices

There are a number of measures that can be taken to mitigate the effects of fretting corrosion, which fall into two approaches: fretting movement prevention and corrosion prevention.
How Metallic Coatings Protect Metals from Corrosion

How metallic coatings protect metals such as steel from corrosion and a brief explanation of the chemistry involved in the corrosion process.

Q&A by Krystal Nanan

How can you avoid flash rust during wet blasting?

Flash rust is defined as the corrosion that occurs on the surface of a metal shortly after any wet method of surface preparation. This type of rusting typicall
What are the different Xylan coatings and how do I decide which is best?

Xylan is an industrial dry film lubricant consisting primarily of one or more fluoropolymers including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxy alkane (
Do soluble salts affect paint bonding fiberglass carbon fiber hulls?

Soluble salts, particularly sulfates and chlorides, at the paint/hull interface can have detrimental effects on the integrity coating systems.
How can companies maintain operations during COVID-19?

In the wake of the recent COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic, many companies have been forced to close their doors as governments around the world seek to "flatten the curve." By encouraging community isolation and social...
How does ultrasonic technology detect pipeline corrosion and metal loss?

Ultrasonic is a term used to describe the range of sound waves that possess frequencies higher than that of audible human hearing. Ultrasonic testing (UT), therefore, involves using these sound waves to inspect the...
How and why should I measure the strength of a protective coating?

Modern industrial processes continue to place heavy demands on tools, equipment and structures. As a result, the protective coatings used to shield these assets must be able to maintain their integrity, particularly in...
Should I use a polyurethane or epoxy coating on concrete?

There is no shortage of options when it comes to concrete floor coatings, which are generally used to protect concrete floors from excessive wear and damage. Two of the most popular types of floor coatings, epoxy and...
What are the pros of non-intrusive pressure equipment inspections?

It is essential to perform regular inspections on pressure equipment to ensure that their mechanical and structural integrity meet safety and performance standards. Traditionally, internal visual inspections have been used...
Can laser scanning assess corrosion under insulation?

Laser scanning (profilometry) is a relatively new technique used for nondestructive testing and evaluation of numerous structures. It involves using laser technology to capture the three-dimensional shape and physical...
How do self-healing metal oxides protect against corrosion?

Self-healing metal oxide is a term used to describe a special category of metal oxides that are known to exhibit extraordinary corrosion resistance. This term was coined by academics at the Massachusetts Institute of...
What are the benefits of using refractory metals?

Refractory metals are a classification of metallic elements that possess properties that make them more durable and resilient than other standard metals. While the definition of this term varies slightly, one of the defining...
How can I avoid galvanic corrosion?

Galvanic corrosion is a destructive electrochemical process that occurs when dissimilar metals are in direct or indirect contact with each other with an electrolyte present. During this process, one metal experiences severe...
What does high temperature range mean in CUI considerations?

Corrosion under insulation (CUI), like other forms of corrosion, is electrochemical in nature and therefore is significantly influenced by the temperature of the surrounding environment. The higher the temperature during the...
What kind of tool can measure a polarization curve in coulombs per second?

The tool used to measure a polarization current (1 amp = 1 coulomb per second) is called a potentiostat. A potentiostat is an essential device used in corrosion studies to investigate electrochemical parameters such as...